Define MIS ?

Define System :

A system is defined as a set of interrelated components with a clearly designed boundaries working together to a device a common set of objective by accepting inputs and produced outputs in an organized transformation process .

–scope — starting and ending | –boundaries — (limits) [ designed database of some students ]

P = E – R (Profit = Expense – Revenue )

Decision support systems (DSS) : are interactive software-based systems intended to help managers in decision-making by accessing large volumes of information generated from various related information systems.

Types of decisions :

programmed decision
non programmed decision

Programmed decision are automatically process and general routine work where : these decision have been taken several times , these decision follow some guide lines or rules .

Example :

Product | inventory

oil 200

floor 100

sugar 20

biscuits 10

program condition :

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 int x=10;
 int qty;
 int remaining;
 int add;
 
 cout<<"Enter quantity: ";
 cin>>qty;

 remaining = x - qty;

 if(qty<=5)
 {
 cout<<"remaining :"<

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x=10;
int qty;
int remaining;
int add;
int product;

cout<<“Ahsan Bakers :\n\n”;
cout<<” oil 10\n”;
cout<<” floor 10\n”;
cout<<” sugar 10\n”;
cout<<” biscuits 10\n”;

cout<<“enter your product:”;
cin>>product;

if(product==1)
{
cout<<“you have selected oil”;
cout<<“Enter quantity: “;
cin>>qty;

remaining = x – qty;

if(qty<=5)
{
cout<<“remaining :”<<remaining;
add=qty+remaining;
cout<<“auto add :”<<add;
}
}
if(product==2)
{
cout<<“you have selected floor”;
cout<<“Enter quantity: “;
cin>>qty;

remaining = x – qty;

if(qty<=5)
{
cout<<“remaining :”<<remaining;
add=qty+remaining;
cout<<“auto add :”<<add;
}
}
if(product==3)
{
cout<<“you have selected sugar”;
cout<<“Enter quantity: “;
cin>>qty;

remaining = x – qty;

if(qty<=5)
{
cout<<“remaining :”<<remaining;
add=qty+remaining;
cout<<“auto add :”<<add;
}
}
if(product==4)
{
cout<<“you have selected floor”;
cout<<“Enter quantity: “;
cin>>qty;

remaining = x – qty;

if(qty<=5)
{
cout<<“remaining :”<<remaining;
add=qty+remaining;
cout<<“auto add :”<<add;
}
}

return 0;
}

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Non Programmed decision have no rules exists.

Programmed and Non-programmed Decisions

There are two types of decisions – programmed and non-programmed decisions.

Programmed decisions are basically automated processes, general routine work, where:

These decisions have been taken several times.
These decisions follow some guidelines or rules.

For example, selecting a reorder level for inventories, is a programmed decision.

Non-programmed decisions occur in unusual and non-addressed situations, so:

It would be a new decision.
There will not be any rules to follow.
These decisions are made based on the available information.
These decisions are based on the manger’s discretion, instinct, perception and judgment.

Resource of MIS:

People – human resources ( end user , developer of MIS )
Hardware –( machine , media )
Software – ( program , procedure )
Data –
Network – ( how to access )

5 Competitive forces

Rivalry of competitors within an industry
Threat of new entrants into an industry
Threat posed by substitute products which might capture market share
Bargaining power of customers
Bargaining power of suppliers

Rivalry of competitors :

Online-shopping, E-commerce increase rivalry
Price comparison tools (Google Product Search, Shopzilla, etc.) increase rivalry.
Industries with high rivalry?
Industries with low rivalry?

Threat of new entrants :

E-commerce enables a business to emerge overnight
A medium-sized retail store can become a global E-commerce competitor at little cost.

Bargaining power :

Competitive Strategies :

1.Cost Leadership

2.Differentiation

3.Innovation

4.Growth

5.Alliance

Cost Leadership Strategy:

Using information technology to become the lowest-cost provider of products and services

Using IT to reduce costs : Example: Dell
¨Leveraging IT investments to drive up costs for the competition Example: Apple

Differentiation Strategy: Developing ways to differentiate a firm’s products and services from its competitors’

¨Example: Starbuck vs. Dunkin Donuts

Innovation Strategy :

Development of unique products and services
Entry into a unique market
Making radical changes that alter the fundamental structure of an industry (ebay).

Growth Strategy :

Significantly expanding capacity to produce goods and services -Expanding into global markets
Diversifying into new products and services
Integrating into related products and services
E-commerce: enables Global Reach for small companies

Alliance Strategy :

-Establishing new business linkages and alliances with